ابعاد یک الگوی اقتصاد اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

این مقاله، پاسخی اثباتی به سؤال درباره نیاز به یک الگوی اقتصاد اسلامی است، سپس به تشریح ابعاد آن می‌پردازد. ویژگی متمایزکننده چنین الگویی، برجسته کردن بُعد اخلاقی محاسبات اقتصادی است، یعنی رفتار اقتصادی فرد بدون توجه به وابستگی های اخلاقی، پیش‌بینی‌نشدنی باقی می‌ماند و نشان می‌دهد که رفتار عقلایی حداکثر نمایی مطلوبیت، از تجدید سازمان نظام‌های اقتصادی امروزینِ کشور‌های مسلمان با گرایش به اخلاق‌گرایی منتفع می‌شود. نظام اقتصاد اسلامی به شکل رسمی، به صورت یک نظام بهینه مطرح می‌شود. از نظر روش شناسی، این نظام اهمیت در خور توجهی هم به قضاوت های ارزشی و هم به قضاوتهای اثباتی در تعمیم بخشیدن به یک اقتصاد اسلامی آرمانی می‌دهد. از جنبه نظری، این نظام راهی برای تبدیل اصول اخلاقی انکار ناپذیر آن به عبارت های انکارپذیری درباره رفتار کارگزاران اقتصادی در زندگی واقعی یک جامعه مسلمانِ است. در عمل برای آنکه چنین نظامی نگاه اخلاقی مسلط اسلام را نسبت به فرآیندهای اقتصادی بنمایاند، به نیازهای کم امتیاز‌ترین انسان - ها در یک اقتصاد در حال رشد، بالاترین اولویت را می‌دهد، که دادن وزن بیشتر به تولید کالاهای ضروری، حداقل نمودن تولید و مصرف کالاهای لوکس اسراف‌گرایانه و توزیع مجدد درآمد و ثروت از ثروتمندان به فقیران را ایجاب می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Dimensions of an Islamic Economic Model

نویسنده [English]

  • mohammadali cafaie
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The paper answers in the affirmative the question about the need for an Islamic economic model, and then proceeds to delineate its dimensions. The distinguishing characteristic of such a model is to highlight the ethical dimension of the economic calculus- i.e., that without ethical moorings individual economic behaviour remains unpredictable. It shows that rational utility–Maximizing behaviour will be helped by an ethically–oriented reorganization of present–day economic systems in Muslim countries. Formally, the Islamic economic system is presented as an ‘Optimum regime’. On the methodological plan, such a regime gives due prominence to both value judgments and positive judgments in making generalizations about an idealized Islamic economy. At the theoretical level, it is a way of transforming their refutable ethical principles into refutable statements about the behavior of economic agents in a typical real-life Muslim society. In practice, for such a regime to reflect Islam's overarching ethical vision of economic processes, it would take assigning top priority to the needs of the least- privileged people in a growing economy. This implies giving greater weight to the wage- goods in total output, minimizing the production and consumption of wasteful luxuries, and redistributing income and wealth from the rich to the poor.

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