Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220Determining the Economic Sectors with Most Backward and Forward Linkages in Isfahan Province with an Emphasis on Adjustment of National Technology Coefficients in the CHARM MethodDetermining the Economic Sectors with Most Backward and Forward Linkages in Isfahan Province with an Emphasis on Adjustment of National Technology Coefficients in the CHARM Method12710362210.48308/jem.2023.230485.1820FAMaryamAminiPhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranNematolaAkbariProfessor of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranRozitaMoayedfarAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranFatemeBazazanAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economic, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230129Using regional input- output tables is a way to understand regional economy and sector policies. In Iran, due to the lack of regional data collection by national institutions, non-statistical methods for estimating regional input-output tables have been of interest. The CHARM method is one of the conventional methods of regionalization the national input-output tables in the conditions of simultaneous bilateral trade. But one of the problems of CHARM method is the assumption of equality of national and regional technology coefficients. With this assumption, the regional difference is practically ignored. This study is trying to prevent the underestimation of provincial value added by regionalizing the coefficients of national technology and to include regional differences in the analysis. Also, the sections with the most posterior and anterior links will be identified. The results show that the value added of Isfahan province and other provinces of the country are closer to reality in the adjusted state. Also, the industrial sector of Isfahan province has the most backward and forward linkages in the adjusted state.Using regional input- output tables is a way to understand regional economy and sector policies. In Iran, due to the lack of regional data collection by national institutions, non-statistical methods for estimating regional input-output tables have been of interest. The CHARM method is one of the conventional methods of regionalization the national input-output tables in the conditions of simultaneous bilateral trade. But one of the problems of CHARM method is the assumption of equality of national and regional technology coefficients. With this assumption, the regional difference is practically ignored. This study is trying to prevent the underestimation of provincial value added by regionalizing the coefficients of national technology and to include regional differences in the analysis. Also, the sections with the most posterior and anterior links will be identified. The results show that the value added of Isfahan province and other provinces of the country are closer to reality in the adjusted state. Also, the industrial sector of Isfahan province has the most backward and forward linkages in the adjusted state.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103622_cbc0ddf773f3455f527b66744bfecfb0.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220Evaluating the Production Variations due to Gasoline Price in Iranian Economic Sectors: Comparison of the Standard and the Nonlinear Ghosh Supply-Driven ModelsEvaluating the Production Variations due to Gasoline Price in Iranian Economic Sectors: Comparison of the Standard and the Nonlinear Ghosh Supply-Driven Models296210362410.48308/jem.2023.230976.1830FAAliFaridzadAssociate Professor of Economic, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranEsfandiarJahangardAssociate Professor of Economic, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranSorayaAsadiMA in Economic, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230306The use of linear production functions in the structure of input-output model is one of the basic limitations of these models. The study, while eliminating the shortcomings of the standard supply-driven Gosh model by replacing the linear production function with the Cobb–Douglas production function in the supply-driven input-output model and introducing a nonlinear model, it compares the effects of rising gasoline prices on two standard linear models and a nonlinear supply-driven models. For this purpose, the input-output table of 2,016 of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been employed to extract the non-linear supply-driven input-output model. Also, to calculate the value-added changes due to the increase in gasoline prices, gasoline subsidy figures in the hydrocarbon balance sheet in 2016 have been used. The results of this study show that in both models, due to the increase in gasoline prices, the production cost of all sectors increases, but the rate of increase in production costs in the standard supply-driven model is more than non-linear supply-driven model. The reason for this result is the possibility of substitution between inputs in the non-linear supply-driven model.The use of linear production functions in the structure of input-output model is one of the basic limitations of these models. The study, while eliminating the shortcomings of the standard supply-driven Gosh model by replacing the linear production function with the Cobb–Douglas production function in the supply-driven input-output model and introducing a nonlinear model, it compares the effects of rising gasoline prices on two standard linear models and a nonlinear supply-driven models. For this purpose, the input-output table of 2,016 of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been employed to extract the non-linear supply-driven input-output model. Also, to calculate the value-added changes due to the increase in gasoline prices, gasoline subsidy figures in the hydrocarbon balance sheet in 2016 have been used. The results of this study show that in both models, due to the increase in gasoline prices, the production cost of all sectors increases, but the rate of increase in production costs in the standard supply-driven model is more than non-linear supply-driven model. The reason for this result is the possibility of substitution between inputs in the non-linear supply-driven model.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103624_6d0d466b69132f6ac525e88245b844a9.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on the Distribution of Development Opportunities in the Iranian ProvincesThe Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on the Distribution of Development Opportunities in the Iranian Provinces639910362510.48308/jem.2023.230882.1828FABaharehKaramiPhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranAzadKhanzadiAssistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranAliFalahatiAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMohammad SharifKarimiAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20230227Regional equal opportunities are the most important socio-economic challenges, whose inappropriate distribution can have detrimental effects on achieving economic stability and integrated progress of a country. Fiscal decentralization is one of the factors that affect the distribution of development opportunities. For this purpose, in the current research, first, by using the two-stage TOPSIS method, an attempt is made to calculate the composite index of development opportunities in six sectors (cultural-social, educational, infrastructure, health-therapeutic, environmental, and economic), then, the short and long-term effect of fiscal decentralization on the equal distribution of development opportunities in the Iranian provinces spanning from 2006 to 2020 is investigated here by using Panel ARDL. The results imply that the impact of the variables of expenditure and revenue decentralization on the equality of development opportunities is positive in the short term, nevertheless, depending on the levels of development of the provinces, in the long term. Consequently, the more developed the provinces are and have a higher GDP per capita, the more equal the distribution of development opportunities may occur. Furthermore, the model estimation results indicate that there is a negative relationship between economic growth and equality of opportunities in the short term and a positive relationship in the long term. In addition, it was found that the variable of relative population density has a negative and significant effect on the equal distribution of opportunities in the short and long term.Regional equal opportunities are the most important socio-economic challenges, whose inappropriate distribution can have detrimental effects on achieving economic stability and integrated progress of a country. Fiscal decentralization is one of the factors that affect the distribution of development opportunities. For this purpose, in the current research, first, by using the two-stage TOPSIS method, an attempt is made to calculate the composite index of development opportunities in six sectors (cultural-social, educational, infrastructure, health-therapeutic, environmental, and economic), then, the short and long-term effect of fiscal decentralization on the equal distribution of development opportunities in the Iranian provinces spanning from 2006 to 2020 is investigated here by using Panel ARDL. The results imply that the impact of the variables of expenditure and revenue decentralization on the equality of development opportunities is positive in the short term, nevertheless, depending on the levels of development of the provinces, in the long term. Consequently, the more developed the provinces are and have a higher GDP per capita, the more equal the distribution of development opportunities may occur. Furthermore, the model estimation results indicate that there is a negative relationship between economic growth and equality of opportunities in the short term and a positive relationship in the long term. In addition, it was found that the variable of relative population density has a negative and significant effect on the equal distribution of opportunities in the short and long term.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103625_1f222d172ab52e360179e021795388df.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220Analyzing and Identifying the Effects of Fluctuations of Exchange Rate, Oil and Gold Prices on Trade Balance in Iran: Approach of Fuzzy Regression and Generalized TOPSISAnalyzing and Identifying the Effects of Fluctuations of Exchange Rate, Oil and Gold Prices on Trade Balance in Iran: Approach of Fuzzy Regression and Generalized TOPSIS10113410337010.48308/jem.2023.229805.1809FASamiraRezaei MirzaPhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranEbrahimAnvariAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-6050-8645Abdul MajidAhangariAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAhmadKazemifardAssistant Professor of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20221213Exchange rates, oil and gold prices are important economic variables that stimulate global economic developments. In this study, the relationships between the variables of oil, gold prices and exchange rate and their impacts on the trade balance in Iran using the new hybrid approach of fuzzy regressions and multi-criteria decision-making framework is investigated. For this, five novel fuzzy regression models are considered and ranked by Generalized TOPSIS method using the annual data during the period of 1979-2021 and among the models, the fuzzy weighted model has been selected as the best model to describe the optimal relationship between variables. According to the results, among the variables of oil, gold and foreign exchange rate, the exchange rate variable has the most impact on the trade balance. Other results show that the use of fuzzy regression models approaches with various logics in the design of the error function produces more accurate estimates of the coefficients. The range of minimum and maximum effect of exchange rate on trade balance was extracted as (1.474 and -1.382). These fuzzy cumulative regressions show that the priority of influencing the trade balance is the exchange rate, oil price and then gold price. Hence to improve the trade balance, policies should be focused on the exchange rate, then the price of oil, and finally the price of gold.Exchange rates, oil and gold prices are important economic variables that stimulate global economic developments. In this study, the relationships between the variables of oil, gold prices and exchange rate and their impacts on the trade balance in Iran using the new hybrid approach of fuzzy regressions and multi-criteria decision-making framework is investigated. For this, five novel fuzzy regression models are considered and ranked by Generalized TOPSIS method using the annual data during the period of 1979-2021 and among the models, the fuzzy weighted model has been selected as the best model to describe the optimal relationship between variables. According to the results, among the variables of oil, gold and foreign exchange rate, the exchange rate variable has the most impact on the trade balance. Other results show that the use of fuzzy regression models approaches with various logics in the design of the error function produces more accurate estimates of the coefficients. The range of minimum and maximum effect of exchange rate on trade balance was extracted as (1.474 and -1.382). These fuzzy cumulative regressions show that the priority of influencing the trade balance is the exchange rate, oil price and then gold price. Hence to improve the trade balance, policies should be focused on the exchange rate, then the price of oil, and finally the price of gold.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103370_99a522786856f3c9f2c7a0bdb416bfff.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220The Effect of Urban River-valley Ecosystem Services on Real Estate Prices: The Case Study of Farahzad River-valley Area of TehranThe Effect of Urban River-valley Ecosystem Services on Real Estate Prices: The Case Study of Farahzad River-valley Area of Tehran13516610362610.48308/jem.2023.230250.1815FAMortezaTahami Pour ZarandiAssistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAwinarAhmadzadehMA in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230114Housing price fluctuations are a very important issue in the housing economy and are affected by different factors. One of these factors is the impact of environmental variables. Therefore, in deciding to buy a house, there is a hidden market due to considering the quality of the environment around the property. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental services of the Farahzad river ecosystem on housing prices and to evaluate the social-economical revitalization of this river. For this purpose, 386 questionnaires and the hedonic method were used in the form of estimating three regression models to achieve the goal. The results show that the average willingness to pay for the restoration is equal to 611,000 rials per month. The results of all three regressions indicate the importance of environmental variables on housing prices, so that in the first model, 22.6%, in the second model, 17.1%, and in the last model, they cover 16.5% of the price changes. Also, the results show that the revitalization of this river is not justified from the point of view of economic evaluation at the regional level, considering its costs, but it is justified at the level of Tehran city, considering the benefits and the generalization of willingness to pay. The information of this study can be useful for the revitalization of urban gorges.Housing price fluctuations are a very important issue in the housing economy and are affected by different factors. One of these factors is the impact of environmental variables. Therefore, in deciding to buy a house, there is a hidden market due to considering the quality of the environment around the property. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental services of the Farahzad river ecosystem on housing prices and to evaluate the social-economical revitalization of this river. For this purpose, 386 questionnaires and the hedonic method were used in the form of estimating three regression models to achieve the goal. The results show that the average willingness to pay for the restoration is equal to 611,000 rials per month. The results of all three regressions indicate the importance of environmental variables on housing prices, so that in the first model, 22.6%, in the second model, 17.1%, and in the last model, they cover 16.5% of the price changes. Also, the results show that the revitalization of this river is not justified from the point of view of economic evaluation at the regional level, considering its costs, but it is justified at the level of Tehran city, considering the benefits and the generalization of willingness to pay. The information of this study can be useful for the revitalization of urban gorges.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103626_d2767825fe860a678c9d74b1672abd94.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Economics and Modelling2476-577513420230220Investigating the Factors Affecting the Membership of Institutional Clusters in Developing Countries: The Cluster Algorithm ApproachInvestigating the Factors Affecting the Membership of Institutional Clusters in Developing Countries: The Cluster Algorithm Approach16720010362710.48308/jem.2023.229643.1804FAZahraZarouniPhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, IranSamadHekmati FaridAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, IranSeyed JamaluddinMohseni ZanouziAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, IranAliFiqh MajidiAssociate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranJournal Article20221127One of the most important factors affecting the economic performance of countries is the quality of institutions. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting institutional quality and specifically the quality of good governance provides the possibility of adopting appropriate policies to increase the quality of governance. Therefore, in this research, the formation of institutional clusters (good governance) and the factors affecting membership in institutional clusters in developing countries during the time period of 2002-2020 using the log t test of Phillips and Soule and also the probit method is discussed. Our results indicate the existence of numerous institutional clusters in different countries that are caught in the trap of weak institutions. Specifically, the government effectiveness institutional index includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index regulatory quality includes eight convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index of rule of law includes six convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, as well as the institutional index control of corruption, which includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster. On the other hand, we found that levels of human capital and economic growth, foreign trade, as well as government size, are effective in determining whether a country is institutional growth path.One of the most important factors affecting the economic performance of countries is the quality of institutions. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting institutional quality and specifically the quality of good governance provides the possibility of adopting appropriate policies to increase the quality of governance. Therefore, in this research, the formation of institutional clusters (good governance) and the factors affecting membership in institutional clusters in developing countries during the time period of 2002-2020 using the log t test of Phillips and Soule and also the probit method is discussed. Our results indicate the existence of numerous institutional clusters in different countries that are caught in the trap of weak institutions. Specifically, the government effectiveness institutional index includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index regulatory quality includes eight convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index of rule of law includes six convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, as well as the institutional index control of corruption, which includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster. On the other hand, we found that levels of human capital and economic growth, foreign trade, as well as government size, are effective in determining whether a country is institutional growth path.https://ecoj.sbu.ac.ir/article_103627_1130b5996d33e756265e35c3515a5c37.pdf