Investigating the Factors Affecting Women's Participation in Labor Market: A Case Study of Syria

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

10.29252/jem.2022.225471.1708

Abstract

Since Women are the foundation of economic development in any society, nowadays the world is more focused on their role in economic activity. Therefore, considering women as an active and constructive sector will certainly have a great impact on the development and increase of human resources in that society in terms of quality and quantity. The participation rate of women in Syria, like many countries in the Middle East, is lower than developed countries and even some developing countries. In this study, the effects of education, fertility rate, school enrollment rate, and migration rate on the rate of female labor force participation in the Syrian economy during the period 2000-2019 have been studied by using the auto-regressive distributed lag model. The results indicate that the variables of education and migration rate (where men make up most of the migrants) have a positive and significant effect on women's economic participation rate. However, fertility rate and school enrollment rate have a negative effect on Syrian women's economic participation.

Keywords

References

- Adelman, I. & Taylor, J. E. (1990). Is Structural Adjustment with a Human Face Possible? The Case of Mexico. Journal of Development Studies, 8(32), 387–407.
- Alaedini, P. & Razavi, M. (2004). Women's Participation and Employment in Iran: A Critical Examination. Refah, 3(12), 131-156 (In Persian).
- AL-Imran, R., & AL-Imran, S. (2014). The impact of Government Spending on Education; Registration Rate in Different Educational Levels. Journal of Educational Planning Studies, 3 (6), 11-29 (In Persian).
- Aligholi, M. (2016). The Relationship between Women's Labor Force and Economic Development in Islamic Countries. Women's Social Psychological Studies, 14(2), 63-86 (In Persian).
- Arabmazar, A., Alipour, M.S., & ZareNiakouki, Y. (2014). Analysis of socio-economic factors affecting women's employment in Iran. Economics and Modelling, 5(17-18), 75-91 (In Persian).
- Amini, A. (2015). Analysis of labor market and employment creation policies of Iran's economy with emphasis on the Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan. Economic Magazine, 5(6), 23-40 (In Persian).
- Asadzadeh, A., Mirani, N., Ghazi Khani, F., Esmail Darjani, N., & Honardoust, A. (2017). Investigating the role of employment and education of women on economic growth in Iran: Gravitational search algorithm and Firefly algorithm approach. Women in Development & Politics, 15(3), 359-381 (In Persian).
- Ayham, A. (2019). Labor market imbalances in the Syrian economy and the policies to correct them. Damascus Center for Research and Studies (In Arabic).
- Brisco, G. & Wilson, R. (1992). Forecasting Economic Activity Rates. International Journal of Forecasting, 9(12), 8-18.
- Central Bureau of Statistics, Syria http://cbssyr.sy/
- Del Boca, D., Pasqua, S. & Pronzato, C. (2004). Why are Fertility and Women’s Employment Rates so Low in Italy? Lessons from France and the U.K. Discussion Paper NO.1274.
- Farjadi, G.A. (1999). Studies on the Preparation of the Third Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran (In Persian).
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2017). Counting the cost Agriculture in Syria after six years of crisis.
- Guli, V.M.E., & Geda, N.R. (2021). Women's Participation in Labor Force in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Review of Determinants and Impacts. Archives of Current Research International, 1-13.
- ILO. )2018), World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2018 – Global snapshot.
- Kavand. H, Avazalipour. M. S, Zandi. F. & Damankeshideh, M. (2014). The Role of Gender in Economic Participation and the Key Women Employment Factors: A Case of Iran. Economic Policy, 3(6), 189-213 (In Persian).
- Kashafrs. H.G.K, Behrooz, G.K. & Sarani, Z. (2014). Participation of Married Women in the Iranian Labor Market: Nonlinear Modeling of the Logit Function. Journal of Economic Modeling, 27(3), 134-115 (In Persian).
- Klasen, S., Pieters, J., Silva, S.M. & Ngoc Tu, L.T. (2019). What Drives Female Labor Force Participation? Comparable Micro-Level Evidence from Eight Developing and Emerging Economies. IZA DP No. 12067.
- Komai, R. & Afshari, Z. (2017). Factors Determining Women's Participation in the Labor Force in Selected Countries (Panel Analysis). Quarterly Journal of Women's Socio-Psychological Studies, 15(1), 41-72 (In Persian).
- Kreibaum, M. & Klasen, S. (2015). Missing Men: Differential Effects of War and Socialism on Female Labor Force Participation in Vietnam. No. 181, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Courant Research Centre - Poverty, Equity and Growth (CRC-PEG), Göttingen
- Moshiri, S., Taei, H. & Pashazadeh, H. (2015). Factors affecting the labor force participation rate in the Iranian labor market. Economic research (sustainable growth and development), 15(2), 49-72 (In Persian).
- Nofaresti, M. (1999). Unit root and Cointegration in econometrics. Rasa Cultural Services. Tehran, Second Edition (In Persian).
- Noghani, A.V. & Ghasemi, M. (2019). Survey of Consequences of Men’s Migration on Situation of Left-behind Women in Rural Areas (Case Study: Mashhad County). Women in Development and Politics, 17(3), 10-21 (In Persian).
- Pesaran, M.H., & Shin, Y. (1995). An Autoregressive Distributed lag modelling approach to counteraction analysis. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics NO. 9514, 1-24.
- Rami, G. (2018). Trends and Factors Affecting to female Labor Force Participation Rate in India. Veer Narmada South Gujarat University, 5 (11), 903-910.
- Safakish, M. & Fallah M.Z. (2016). A Study of Women's Economic Non-Participation in the Iranian Labor Market. Iranian Journal of Official Statistics. 7(1), 103-119 (In Persian).
- Safaeipour, M. & Zadoli, K.S. (2016). An Analysis of Barriers to Women's Economic Participation in Iran (Case Study: Tabriz). Journal of Economic Sociology and Development, 5(1), 63-85 (In Persian).
- Sprague, A. (1998). Post War Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation Rates. Economic Journal, 98(392), 682-700.
- Swain. R.W. (2008), Economic and Non-Economic Factor What Empowers Woman. Working Paper, UPPSALA University.
- Verick, S. (2014) Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries. IZA World of labor, 87 (6), 1-10.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics