بررسی عوامل موثر بر عضویت خوشه‌های حکمرانی خوب در کشور‌های در حال توسعه: رویکرد الگوریتم خوشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

10.29252/jem.2023.229643.1804

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر بر عملکرد اقتصادی کشورها، نهادهای با‌ کیفیت است. بنابراین، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر کیفیت نهادی و بخصوص کیفیت حکمرانی خوب، امکان اتخاذ سیاست‌های مناسب برای افزایش کیفیت حکمرانی را فراهم می‌کند. بنابراین در این پژوهش به بررسی تشکیل خوشه‌های نهادی(حکمرانی خوب ) و عوامل موثر بر عضویت در خوشه‌های نهادی در کشورهای در‌حال‌توسعه طی دروه زمانی  2020-2002 با استفاده از آزمون فیلیپس و سول و همچنین روش پروبیت پرداخته شده است.  نتایج حاکی از وجود خوشه‌‌های نهادی متعدد با کشورهای مختلف است که در دام نهادی ضعیف هستند. به طور مشخص شاخص نهادی اثر بخشی دولت شامل پنج خوشه همگرا و یک خوشه غیرهمگرا است. شاخص کیفیت مقررات شامل هشت خوشه همگرا و یک خوشه غیرهمگرا، شاخص حاکمیت قانون شامل شش خوشه همگرا و یک خوشه غیرهمگرا و همچنین شاخص کنترل فساد شامل پنج خوشه همگرا و یک خوشه غیرهمگرا است . همچنین عواملی که عضویت خوشه‌های نهادی را تعیین می‌کنند را مطالعه و دریافتیم که سطوح سرمایه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی و تجارت خارجی و همچنین حجم دولت برای تعیین این که آیا یک کشور در مسیر رشد نهادی (حکمرانی خوب) قرار دارد، موثر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Membership of Institutional Clusters in Developing Countries: The Cluster Algorithm Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Zarouni 1
  • Samad Hekmati Farid 2
  • Seyed Jamaluddin Mohseni Zanouzi 2
  • Ali Fiqh Majidi 3
1 PhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most important factors affecting the economic performance of countries is the quality of institutions. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting institutional quality and specifically the quality of good governance provides the possibility of adopting appropriate policies to increase the quality of governance. Therefore, in this research, the formation of institutional clusters (good governance) and the factors affecting membership in institutional clusters in developing countries during the time period of 2002-2020 using the log t test of Phillips and Soule and also the probit method is discussed. Our results indicate the existence of numerous institutional clusters in different countries that are caught in the trap of weak institutions. Specifically, the government effectiveness institutional index includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index regulatory quality includes eight convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, the institutional index of rule of law includes six convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster, as well as the institutional index control of corruption, which includes five convergent clusters and one non-convergent cluster. On the other hand, we found that levels of human capital and economic growth, foreign trade, as well as government size, are effective in determining whether a country is institutional growth path.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Governance Quality
  • Good Governance Clusters
  • Cluster Algorithm
  • Probit Method

مراجع

- Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation. The American Economic Review, 91, 1369–1401. Doi:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369
- Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2005). Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth. Handbook of economic growth, 1, 385-472.
- Ades, A. & R. Di Tella (1999). Rents, Competition, and Corruption. American Economic Review, 89(4), 982-993.
- Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1996). Income Distribution, Political Instability and Investment. European Economic Review, 40(6),1203-1228.
- Alonso, J. A. & Garcimartín, C. (2009). The Determinants of Institutional Quality, More on the Debate. Journal of International Development, 25(2), 206–226.
- Alonso, J. A., & Garcimartín, C. (2013). The determinants of institutional quality: More on the debate. Journal of International Development, 25(2), 206-226.
- Apergis, N., Christou, C., & Miller, S. M. (2014). Country and industry convergence of equity markets: International evidence from club convergence and clustering. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 29, 36-58.
- Azarbaijani, K., Ranjbar, H., & Qudousi Dehnavi, P. (2012). The influence of governing institutions on the trade of selected member countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. The first conference on Iran's economic outlook. (In Persian).
- Berkowitz, D. Pistor, K. & Richard, J. (2003). Economic development, legality, and the transplant effect. European Economic Review, 47, 165–195.
- Chang, H.-J. (2007). Understanding the relationship between institutions and economic development. In H.-J. Chang (Ed.). Institutional change and economic development, 17–34.
- Djankov, S. Glaeser, E. La Porta, R. Lopez-de-Silanes, F. & Shleifer, A. (2003). The new   comparative economics. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31, 595–619.
- Do, Q. & A. Levchenko (2007). Comparative Advantage, Demand for External Finance, and Financial Development. Journal of Financial Economics, 86(3), 796-834.
- Duho, K., Amankwa, M., & Musah-Surugu,J.(2020). Determinants and convergence of government effectiveness in Africa and Asia. Public Administration and Policy Emerald Publishing Limited 1727-2645
- Evans, P. & Rauch, P. (2000). Bureaucratic Structure and Bureaucratic Performance in Less Developed Countries. Journal of Public Economics, 75, 49–71.
- Evans, P. (2004). Development as institutional change: The pitfalls of monocropping and the potentials of deliberation. Studies in Comparative International Development, 38(4), 30–52.
- Facchini, F. & Melki, M. (2013). Efficient Government Size: France in The 20th Century. European Journal of Political Economy, 31, 1–14.
- Froughipour, E. (2006). Evaluation of Sigma and Beta Convergence among OPEC Member Countries. Quarterly Journal of Commercial Research, 25, 1-39 (In Persian).
- Glawe, L., & Wagner, H., (2021). Convergence, divergence, or multiple steady states? New evidence on the institutional development within the European Union. Journal of Comparative Economics, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jce.2021.01.006
- Gholami, H. & Yani, L (2011). Examining the convergence of Iran’s provinces in the years 1379-1387. Thesis of Tabriz University (In Persian).
- Hillman, A. L. (2009). Public Finance and Public Policy: Responsibilities and Limitations of Government. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York NY.
- Islam, N. (2003). What have we learnt from the convergence debate? Journal of economic surveys, 17(3), 309-362.
- José Antonio, J. & Carlos, G. (2009). The determinants of institutional quality. More on the Debate, Working Paper, CREDIT Research Paper, No. 09/04.
- Kamijani, A; Kiani, H; & Hadi, K. (2013). Investigating the impact of government size and quality on economic growth using the ARDL method. Applied Economics Quarterly, 4, 49-60 (In Persian).
- Marin, D. & T. Verdier (2005). Corporate Hierarchies and International Trade: Theory and Evidence. Discussion Paper, University of Munich.
- Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 681-712.
- Meon P. G. & Sekkat KH.( 2006). Institutional quality and trade: which institutions? Which trade? ULB – Universite Libre de Bruxelles, No 06-06 RS, DULBEA Working Papers,.
- Mohammadzadeh, Y., Hekmati Farid, S. & Sharifi, E. (2016). The effect of government size on good governance and economic performance in selected countries. Economic growth and development research quarterly, 26, 112-97 (In Persian).
- Moore, B. (1966). Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Nofianti, L., & Susanti, N.S. (2014). Factors affecting implementation of good government governance (GGG) and their implications towards performance accountability. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, 98-105.
- North, D. (1993). Institutions, Transaction Costs and Productivity in the Long Run. St Louis: Washington University.
- Phillips, P. & Sul, D. (2007).Transition modeling and econometric convergence tests. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 75, 1771–1855.
- Phillips, P. Sul, D. (2009). Economic transition and growth. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 24. 1153–1185.
- Rafii Darani, H. & Shahnushi, N. (2014). The effect of government size and good governance on human development using geographically weighted regression. Iranian Economic Research Quarterly, 58, 153-181 (In Persian).
- Rodrik, D., A. Subramanian & Trebbi, F. (2002). Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development. IMF Working Paper 02/189, Washington.
- Rodrik, D. (2008).  Second-best Institutions. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 98(2), 100–104. Doi:10.1257/ aer.98.2.100
- Roland, G. (2004). Understanding institutional change: Fast-moving and slow-moving institution. Studies in Comparative International Development, 38(4), 109–131. Doi:10.1007/BF02686330
- Saeedi, Sh. Samsami,h. & Davoudi, P.(2022). Investigating institutional factors and human capital for economic growth. Economics and patterns journal, 13(1), 119-151 (In Persian).
- Sala-i-Martin, X. (1996). The classical approach to convergence analysis. The Economic Journal, 106(437), 1019–1036.
- Wei, S-J. (2000). Natural Openness and Good Government. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 7765 (June).
- Winters, A. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: An Overview. Economic Journal, 114(493), F4–F21.
- Winters, A. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: An Overview. Economic Journal, 114 (493), F4–F21.
- World Bank (2005). World Development Report 2005: A Better Investment Climate for All. Oxford University Press and World Bank.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار