برآورد و مقایسه کارایی انرژی در بخش‌های اقتصادی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد انرژی دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

انرژی یکی از اصلی‌ترین نهاده‌ها در فرآیند تولید محسوب می‌شود و کمیابی این نهاده ارزشمند بر اهمیت توجه به کارایی مصرف آن افزوده است، ضمن این که کارایی بالاتر انرژی به نرخ‌های بالاتر رشد اقتصادی می‌انجامد. هدف این پژوهش برآورد کارایی انرژی در بخش‌های چهارگانه اقتصاد ایران (کشاورزی، صنایع، حمل و نقل و خدمات) به تفکیک و به منظور افزایش دقت محاسبه و صحت نتیجه‌گیری است. کارایی مصرف انرژی در این بخش‌ها با استفاده از روش تابع تولید مرزی تصادفی ترانسلوگ و داده‌های دوره 91-1373 و مبتنی بر مبانی نظری و شواهد تجربی برآورد می‌شود. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که نه تنها کارایی انرژی هر بخش در طول دوره مورد بررسی کاهش یافته، بلکه میانگین کارایی انرژی کل بخش‌ها نیز روندی نزولی داشته است، هم‌چنین کارایی فنی در همه بخش‌های اقتصادی برخلاف روند تحول کارایی انرژی، همواره در حال صعود البته با آهنگی کند بوده است. کمترین کارایی انرژی مربوط به بخش خدمات است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation and Comparison of Energy Efficiency in Iran’s Economic Sectors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Kafaie 1
  • Paria Nejadaghaeianvash 2
1 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University
2 MA in Economics in Energy Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Energy is one of the main inputs of production process. The scarcity of this valuable input has increased the importance of attention to its efficiency and higher energy efficiency leads to higher economic growth rates. The goal of this research is to estimate energy efficiency in quadruple sectors (agriculture, industry, transportation and services) of Iran’s economy, separately with the aim of increasing precision of calculations and improving quality of results. The efficiency of energy consumption in these four sectors is estimated with the use of a translog stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data for 1373-1391, based on theoretical and empirical grounds. Findings indicate that not only energy efficiency of these sectors were declined during the period considered, but the average energy efficiency of all sectors had also a declining trend. The technical efficiency in all sectors were increasing, of course slowly, in contrast to the trend of energy efficiency. The services sector has the lowest energy efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic sectors
  • Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Function
  • panel data
  • Sectoral Energy Efficiency

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