بررسی ساختار بازار صنعت بانکداری و آثار ادغام‌های فرضی بر آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

در این مطالعه با استفاده از رویکرد ساختاری و محاسبه شاخص‌های تمرکزِ نسبت k بانک بزرگ، هرفیندال- هیرشمن و هم‌چنین معرفی معیار بهینگی تعداد بانک، به بررسی ساختار بازار بانکداری ایران پرداخته شده است. نمونه این پژوهش شامل تمامی بانک‌های داخلی و دوره مورد بررسی 95-1370 است. نتایج برآورد شاخص‌های مذکور نشان داده است که بازار بانکی ایران در دوره مورد بررسی، از روند کاهش تمرکز و افزایش رقابت برخوردار بوده است که این روند در دهه 80 و پس از ورود بانک‌های خصوصی شدت گرفته است. در این دوره، صنعت بانکداری ایران از وضعیت انحصاری به وضعیت رقابت ناقص تغییر ساختار داده است. هم‌چنین رقابت در بعد تسهیلات بیشتر از دو بعد دیگر دارایی و سپرده بوده است. در ادامه تأثیر ادغام‌های فرضی دو گروه از بانک‌ها( بانک‌های متعلق به نیروهای مسلح و بانک‌های کوچک) بر شرایط رقابتی بازار بانکداری با استفاده از شاخص تمرکز هرفیندال- هیرشمن و معیار بهینگی تعداد بانک سنجیده شده است که نشان از تأثیر ناچیز ادغام‌های مذکور بر افزایش تمرکز و تأثیر مثبت آن بر معیار بهینگی تعداد بانک دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Market Structure of Banking Industry and the Effects of Hypothetical Mergers on it

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Arabmzar 1
  • Amirmohammad Galavani 2
1 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University
2 MA in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The Iranian banking sector is experiencing changes such as the expansion of private banks, the entry of foreign banks and the likely mergers of several banks and non-bank credit institution. Therefore, studying the process of structural changes in the banking market and determining its competitiveness, can help the policy makers and planners of the banking system in structural reforms and directing monetary policy. In this study, using the structural approach and calculating the three concentration indexes,( the k Bank, Herfindahl-Hirschman, as well as the number of bank's optimality criteria), we examined the banking market structure in Iran. The sample of the study includes all domestic banks and the period under review is 1991-2016. The results show that the Iran's banking market during the period under review has tended to reduce concentration and increase competition. Also, competition in facilities has been more than two other dimensions of assets and deposits. Further, the effect of hypothetical mergers between two groups of banks (banks owned by armed forces and small banks) on the competitive conditions of the banking market was measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the number of banks' optimality criteria. The results show that such mergers have an insignificance impact on the increase of concentration and lead to an improvement in the number of banks' optimality criteria.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Concentration- SCP Method
  • Market Structure
  • Merger
  • Number of Bank's Optimality Criteria

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