بررسی تأثیر اشتغال زنان بر ازدواج و طلاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی و ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر در ازدواج و طلاق، نقش بسزایی در اتخاذ سیاست‌های مناسب جهت افزایش منافع حاصل از ازدواج و کاهش آسیب‌های ناشی از طلاق در جامعه دارد. در مقاله حاضر با بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات طرح هزینه و درآمد خانوار سال 1397 مرکز آمار ایران، اثر اشتغال زنان بر ازدواج و طلاق مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با استفاده از روش رگرسیونی لاجیت چندجمله‌ای در نرم‌افزار استتا، الگوی موردنظر تخمین زده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تخمین برای زنان متأهل نشان می‌دهد که اشتغال زنان تأثیر مثبت بر طلاق دارد؛ به نحوی که به طور متوسط حدود 5/2 درصد احتمال طلاق را افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین هزینه‌های مذهبی خانوار و سن زنان، تأثیر منفی بر طلاق دارد. سایر متغیرهای الگو (شامل سطح تحصیلات، شهری و روستایی بودن خانوار، درآمد خانوار، هزینه‌های آموزشی و هزینه‌های آموزشی مذهبی) تأثیر معنادار بر طلاق نداشته‌اند. نتایج حاصل از تخمین الگو برای زنانی که هرگز ازدواج نکرده‌اند، نشان می‌دهد که اشتغال زنان تأثیر مثبت بر هرگز ازدواج نکردن آن‌ها داشته است. همچنین متغیر سن تأثیر منفی و متغیرهای هزینه‌های آموزشی، هزینه‌های مذهبی و تحصیلات نیز تأثیر مثبت بر مجرد ماندن زنان داشته‌اند. بقیه متغیرها (درآمد خانوار، شهری و روستایی بودن خانوار و هزینه‌های آموزشی مذهبی) نیز تأثیر معنادار بر مجرد ماندن نداشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Impact of Women's Employment on Marriage and Divorce

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Dorri Najafabadi 1
  • Mohsen Mehrara 2
  • Farhad Ghaffari 3
  • Kambiz Hojabr Kiani 4
1 Ph.D Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
4 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Identifying and evaluating the effective factors in marriage and divorce has a significant role in adopting appropriate policies to increase the benefits of marriage and reduce the harms of divorce in society. In this study, using the information of the questionnaire of Iranian households in 2018, the effect of women's employment on marriage and divorce has been investigated and the desired model has been estimated using the polynomial logit regression method. The results of the estimate for married women show that women's employment has a positive effect on divorce; in a way, their employment increases the probability of divorce by an average of about 2.5%. The results also show that the religious expenses of the household and the age of the women have a negative effect on divorce. Other related variables (including education level, urban and rural household, household income, educational expenses and religious education expenses) did not have a significant effect on divorce. The results of model estimation for women who have never been married show that women's employment has had a positive effect on their never being married. In addition, the variable of age had a negative effect and the variables of educational expenses, religious expenses and education had a positive effect on women remaining single. Other variables (household income, urban and rural households, and religious education expenditures) also did not have a significant effect on being single.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women's Employment
  • Marriage
  • Divorce
  • Multinomial Logit
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