بررسی تأثیر اشتغال زنان بر ازدواج و طلاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی و ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر در ازدواج و طلاق، نقش بسزایی در اتخاذ سیاست‌های مناسب جهت افزایش منافع حاصل از ازدواج و کاهش آسیب‌های ناشی از طلاق در جامعه دارد. در مقاله حاضر با بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات طرح هزینه و درآمد خانوار سال 1397 مرکز آمار ایران، اثر اشتغال زنان بر ازدواج و طلاق مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با استفاده از روش رگرسیونی لاجیت چندجمله‌ای در نرم‌افزار استتا، الگوی موردنظر تخمین زده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تخمین برای زنان متأهل نشان می‌دهد که اشتغال زنان تأثیر مثبت بر طلاق دارد؛ به نحوی که به طور متوسط حدود 5/2 درصد احتمال طلاق را افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین هزینه‌های مذهبی خانوار و سن زنان، تأثیر منفی بر طلاق دارد. سایر متغیرهای الگو (شامل سطح تحصیلات، شهری و روستایی بودن خانوار، درآمد خانوار، هزینه‌های آموزشی و هزینه‌های آموزشی مذهبی) تأثیر معنادار بر طلاق نداشته‌اند. نتایج حاصل از تخمین الگو برای زنانی که هرگز ازدواج نکرده‌اند، نشان می‌دهد که اشتغال زنان تأثیر مثبت بر هرگز ازدواج نکردن آن‌ها داشته است. همچنین متغیر سن تأثیر منفی و متغیرهای هزینه‌های آموزشی، هزینه‌های مذهبی و تحصیلات نیز تأثیر مثبت بر مجرد ماندن زنان داشته‌اند. بقیه متغیرها (درآمد خانوار، شهری و روستایی بودن خانوار و هزینه‌های آموزشی مذهبی) نیز تأثیر معنادار بر مجرد ماندن نداشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Impact of Women's Employment on Marriage and Divorce

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Dorri Najafabadi 1
  • Mohsen Mehrara 2
  • Farhad Ghaffari 3
  • Kambiz Hojabr Kiani 4
1 Ph.D Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
4 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Identifying and evaluating the effective factors in marriage and divorce has a significant role in adopting appropriate policies to increase the benefits of marriage and reduce the harms of divorce in society. In this study, using the information of the questionnaire of Iranian households in 2018, the effect of women's employment on marriage and divorce has been investigated and the desired model has been estimated using the polynomial logit regression method. The results of the estimate for married women show that women's employment has a positive effect on divorce; in a way, their employment increases the probability of divorce by an average of about 2.5%. The results also show that the religious expenses of the household and the age of the women have a negative effect on divorce. Other related variables (including education level, urban and rural household, household income, educational expenses and religious education expenses) did not have a significant effect on divorce. The results of model estimation for women who have never been married show that women's employment has had a positive effect on their never being married. In addition, the variable of age had a negative effect and the variables of educational expenses, religious expenses and education had a positive effect on women remaining single. Other variables (household income, urban and rural households, and religious education expenditures) also did not have a significant effect on being single.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women's Employment
  • Marriage
  • Divorce
  • Multinomial Logit

مراجع

- Abbasi, M. B., Tudeh Fallah, M., Khatibi, A. & Safakish, M. (2019). A Look at Age Construction and Participation in the Labor Market of Men and Women at Risk of Marriage and Divorce through the Census. Jamiat Quarterly, 25 (105 & 106), 57-76 (In Persian).
- AH Mahmoudian, H. & Khodamradi, H. (2011). Study of the relationship between divorce and socio-economic development in the cities of the country in 2006. Quarterly Journal of Social Security Studies, 1(23), 13-41 (In Persian).
- Alimandgari, M. & Bibi Razaqi Nasrabad, H. (2016). Economic contexts in couples' decision to divorce, a case study of Tehran. Journal of Women, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 7 (3), 109-135 (In Persian).
- Ascandra, W., Bachtiar, N. & Nazer, M. (2019). An economic analysis of women’s employment and divorce. Journal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 6(5), 535-544.
- Askari Baghmiani, A. & Javadian, S. R. (2018). Double life pressure, the main consequence of divorce in women: a qualitative study regiment. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 6 (4), 427-436 (In Persian).
- Baranowski, P. & Sztaudynger, J.J. (2019). Marriage, divorce and economic growth. Annales Ethics in Economic Life, 22, 53-67.
- Daneshvar Kakhki, M., Dehghanian, S. & Ghazli, F. (2012). Women and Economy: Family, Work and Income. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press (In Persian).
- Dargahi, H., Ghasemi, M., & Biranvand, A. (2019). Economic and social factors on divorce in Iran with the law on business cycles, education and women's work. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Modeling, Shahid Beheshti University, 9 (4), 95-120 (In Persian).
- Dong, Xu (2018). Women's Labor Force Participation and Probability of Getting Divorced. MPRA Paper 90561, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Elmi, Z.M., & Mohamadi, L. (2021). Employment and the Nonlinear Relationship of Household Income on Divorce in Iran Using the Quasi-Panel Data Logit Model. The International Journal of Humanities, 28 (2), 44-57.
- Elmi, Z.M. & Mohammadi, L. (2020). Factors on the probability of divorce in Iran using quasi-panel data method. Journal of Women and Society, 11 (1), 129-150 (In Persian).
- Fakhraei, C. & Wisdom, S. (2011). Social factors on the request for divorce by women in Sardasht. Women and Family Studies, 2 (&), 103-120 (In Persian).
- Fallahi, M.A. & Deldar, F. (2017). Study of factors on divorce in Iranian provinces with emphasis on economic factors. Cultural and Educational Quarterly of Women and Family, 10 (34), 135-155 (In Persian).
- Holzner, C. & Schulz, B. (2019). Marriage and Divorce under Labor Market Uncertainty. Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik, 30, 1-53.
- Issazadeh, S., Balali, I. & Ghodsi, A.M. (2011). Economic Analysis of Divorce; A study of the relationship between unemployment and divorce in Iran during the period 1345-1385. Strategic Studies of Women, 13 (50), 7-28 (In Persian).
- Iwasawa, M. & Kamata, K. (2014). Marriage preceded by pregnancy and women's employment. Japan Labor Review, 11(4): 21-51.
- Keshavarz, G. (2018), Micro-data econometrics and policy evaluation. Ney Publishing (In Persian).
- Kutlar, A., Sarıkaya, M. & Kabasakal, A. (2018). Explaining the Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Divorce in Turkey by means of Panel Regression and Granger Causality. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(2), 13-44.
- Mehrabani, V. (2014). Theory of desirability approach to the family Explaining instability, Iranian Economic Research Quarterly, 20 (63), 109-138 (In Persian).
- Modiri, F. & Rahimi, A. (2015). Women's Employment, Marital Happiness and Tendency to Divorce (Case Study: Married People in Tehran). Women in Development and Politics, 14(4), 451-475 (In Persian).
- Mokhtari, M., Pollock, E. & Ashtari, M. (2019). Implications of Unstable Trends in Marriage, Birth, and Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 61, 1-19.
- Nasrollahi, Z. & Ghaffari Gulak, M. & Biprova, A.A. (2014). Economic factors determining divorce in Iran by examining the factors. Social Psychological Studies of Women, 11 (4), 165-186 (In Persian).
- Nawabakhsh, M., Yousefi, N. & Pejhan, A. (2016). Study of social syndrome and divorce. Strategic Studies of Women, 17 (67), 125-156 (In Persian).
- Neugart, M. (2012). Female Employment and Divorce: Taking into Account a Social Multiplier. Mathematical Population Studies, 19, 63–72.
- Nowruz, L. (2017). Analytical study of the trend of divorce developments in the country; Factors and Consequences. Macroeconomic Affairs Report - Country Planning and Budget Organization, 4-74 (In Persian).
- Olivetti, C. & Rotz, D. (2018). Changes in Marriage and Divorce as Drivers of Employment and Retirement of Older Women- Women Working Longer: Increased Employment at Older Ages. University of Chicago Press.
- Rezai-Rashti, G. & Moghadam, V. (2011). Women and higher education in Iran: What are the implications for employment and the marriage market? International Review of Education, 57,419-441.
- Sadeghi, M. & Pedram, M. (2014), Economic Analysis of Family Law. World Economy Publications (In Persian).
- Sadeghi, R. (2017). Socio-economic factors on youth divorce in Iran. Strategic Studies in Sports and Youth, 15 (32), 1-22 (In Persian).
- Saridakis, G., Mohammed, A., Garcia‑Iglesias, J. & Muñoz Torres, R. (2018). Economy and Divorces: Their Impact Over Time on the Self- Employment Rates in Spain. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 39, 422–435.
- Sayer, L. C., England, P., Allison, P. & Kangas, N. (2011). She Left, He Left: How Employment and Satisfaction Affect Women’s and Men’s Decisions to Leave Marriages. American Journal of Sociology, 116(6), 1982-2018.
- Schmid, L. (2021), Spouses’ Employment Situations and Marital Separation in Germany: A Dyadic Perspective. Journal of Family Issues, March 2021, 1-29.
- Schoen, R., Rothert, K., Standish, N. & Kim, Y. (2002). Women's Employment, Marital Happiness, and Divorce. Social Forces, 81, 643-662.
- Tamborini, C. R., Couch, K. A. & Reznik, G. L. (2015). Long-term impact of divorce on women’s earnings across multiple divorce windows: A life course perspective. Advances in Life Course Research, 26, 44-59.
- Teachman, J. (2010). Wives’ Economic Resources and Risk of Divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 31(10), 1305-1323.
- Vaus, D., Gray, M. & Qu, L. & Stanton, D. (2017). The economic consequences of divorce in six OECD countries, Ausralian Journal of Social Issues, 52(2), 180-199.
- Vignoli, D., Matysiak, A., Styrc, M. & Tocchioni, V. (2016). The Impact of Women’s Employment on Divorce: Real Effect, Selection, or Anticipation? Families and Societies Working Paper Series, 59, 2-61.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار