بررسی سیستمی فقر در ایران با استفاده از الگو‌سازی تشریحی ساختاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی سیستم‌های اقتصادی گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به این که یکی از الزامات توسعة اقتصادی در هر کشوری، کاهش فقر و افزایش رفاه اقتصادی مردم است، می‌توان دریافت که تحقق این مهم، بدونِ شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر فقر و رابطة محتوایی موجود بین آن‌ها در کنار جستجوی راهکارهای مناسب، جهت کاهش آن امکان‌پذیر نخواهد بود. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و شناخت فقر و عوامل مؤثر بر آن به همراه رابطة محتوایی بین عوامل در ایران با رویکرد سیستمی و مشخص‌کردن عوامل برونزا و راهبردی سیستم به عنوان ابزارهای سیاست‌گذاری در جهت راهگشایی برای افزایش کارایی تصمیمات سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی در حوزة فقر است. از این رو، با استفاده از پژوهش‌های مرتبط، 9 عامل مؤثر بر فقر شناسایی و سپس به تشریح هر یک پرداخته شد. در ادامه، با توجه به پیچیدگی موجود بین اثرات متقابل اجزای سیستم، با استفاده از الگو‌سازی تشریحی ساختاری و به‌کارگیری نرم‌افزار کانسپت استار، به سطح‌بندی اجزای تشکیل‌دهندة سیستم عوامل مؤثر بر فقر پرداخته شد. با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، 4 جزء تسهیلات‌خُرد، آموزش، کمک‌های بلاعوض و تأمین اجتماعی به عنوان عوامل برونزا و راهبردی مؤثر بر فقر، در نظر گرفته شدند که می‌توانند به عنوان متغیرهای سیاستی، مورد استفاده سیاست‌گذاران قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Systemic Survey of Poverty in Iran Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Razavi 1
  • Rasam Moshrefi 2
  • Majid Karami 3
1 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 MA. in Economic Systems Planning, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the requirements of economic development in any country, is to reduce poverty and increase the economic welfare of the people. Considering this important issue, without identifying the factors affecting poverty and the contextual relationship between them, will not be possible. The purpose of this study is to examine poverty and explore its effective factors along with the content relationship between factors in Iran with a system engineering methodology and identify the external and strategic factors of the system as policy tools to pave the way for increasing the efficiency of economic policy in the field of poverty. Therefore, using related research, 9 factors affecting poverty have been identified. Then Interpretive Structural Modeling and concept star software will be used, and a hierarchical system will be presented. according to the findings, the 4 components of micro credits, Education, grants and social security were considered as exogenous and strategic factors of the system that can be used as policy variables by policy makers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hierarchical Systems
  • Factors Affecting Poverty
  • Poverty
  • Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
- Azizi, M. (2018). Investigation of the Relationship Between Employment, Poverty and the Structure of the Job Market in Iran. M.A Dissertation. Razi University (In Persian).
- Adams, R. (2004). Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Estimating the Growth Elasticity of Poverty. World Development, 32(12), 1989-2014.
- Abbaszadeh, M., & Nasrallahi Vosta, L. (2018). Factors Affecting Poverty from the Perspective of Married Women with Higher Education. Social Development Quarterly, 13(1), 7-36 (In Persian).
- Abbasinejad, H., & Kazemizadeh, Gh.R. (2000). Study and Analysis of Philips Curve and Determination of Natural Unemployment Rate in Iran. Economic Research Journal, (57), 133-160 (In Persian).
- Akhbari, R., & Amadeh, H. (2015). Analysis of the Correlation Between Unemployment Rate and Economic Growth with the Shore Test Approach: Evidence from the Iranian Economy. Economic Research Journal, 15(59), 125-160 (In Persian).
- Alizadeh, M., Karshenasan, A., Kheirandish, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2016). Investigating the Impact of Entrepreneurship on Unemployment and Economic Growth. Second National Conference on Macroeconomics of Iran, Gonbad Kavous University (In Persian).
- Afrasiabi, H., & Baharloui, M. (2020). Consequences of Inflation in the Daily Lives of Lower Class Youth. Applied Sociology, 31(4), 23-44 (In Persian).
- Azkia, M., & Hosseini Rudbarki, S. (2014). Living Experience of Villagers from Receiving Cash Subsidies and its Consequences (Phenomenological Study: Ahangar Mahalleh and Gharanabad Villages of Gorgan City). Rural Development, 6(2), 167-192 (In Persian).
- Abdi, E., Taqdisi, A., & Tavakoli, J. (2019). Investigating the Effect of Government Microcredit on Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Rural Development in Javanrood City. Welfare and Social Development Planning, 10(40), 177-216 (In Persian).
- Behpoor, S. (2010). Impact of Unemployment Rate on Economic Growth Rate. M.A Dissertation. University of Tehran (In Persian).
- Eshghi Iraqi, M., & Ghanipour, F. (2017). Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy and Lifestyle Strategy for Realizing Entrepreneurial Intention (Case Study: Markazi Jihad University of Applied Sciences). Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, 6(11), 75-92 (In Persian).
- Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 6-761.
- Farahanifard, S. (1999), A Look at Poverty and Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Islam, Press of Contemporary Knowledge and Thought, Tehran (In Persian).
- Ghazanfari Aghdam, K. (2016). Factors Affecting the Probability of Going out of Poverty in Iran: Using Quasi Panel Data. M.A Dissertation. University of Mazandaran (In Persian).
- Gholami, S., Ahmadi, S., & Mohammadi, H. (2019). The Effect of Teaching Islamic Lifestyle Program on the Level of Awareness of the Components of Lifestyle and Changing the Behavioral Pattern of the Family in Female Headed Households. Cultural Education of Women and Family, 14(47), 7-26 (In Persian).
- Hasanvand, Z. (2018). Determining the Effect of the Minimum Wage on Income Inequality and Poverty in Iran. M.A Dissertation. Alzahra University (In Persian).
- Hazeri Niri, H. (2008). The Analysis of the Factors Effecting the Urban Poverty in Iran. M.A Dissertation. Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).
- Hadian, E. (2004). The Effect of Training of Job Seekers on the Duration of Their Unemployment Period (Case Study of Shiraz City). Economic Research Journal, (69), 217-238 (In Persian).
- Javadi, Sh., & Zamani, R. (2013). Investigating and Comparing the Requirements and Laws of Entrepreneurship and Business in Iran and the United States. Economic Studies (In Persian).
- Javadipour, F. (2010). The Impact of Manpower Training and Educational Investment on the Economic Growth of Communities. The First National Conference of Education and Research Managers, Mashhad (In Persian).
- Kakwani, N. (1993). Poverty and Economic Growth with Application to Cote d’Ivoire. Review of Income and Wealth, 39(2), 121-139.
- Karimi, S., Mollamerzaei, F., & Movahedi, R. (2016). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and its Usefulness on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Agricultural Students in Western Universities. Agricultural Education Management Research, (38), 51-65 (In Persian).
- Litwin, B. (2015). Determining the Effect of the Minimum Wage on Income Inequality. Gettysburg College. No 300.
- Madani Ghahfarkhi, S. (2015), The Need to Combat the Phenomenon of Poverty and Inequality in Iran, Agah Press, Tehran (In Persian).
- Mostafaee, Sh., Khodadad Kashi, F., & Mosavi Jahromi, Y. (2019). The Impact of Industrial Development on Poverty Reduction in the Provinces of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Economic Growth and Development Research, 10(38), 45-60 (In Persian).
- Mehrara, M., Barkhordari, S., & Behzadi Sufiani, M. (2016). The Impact of Government Expenditure on Inflation in Crossing the Inflationary Environment with STR Approach. Economic Research Journal, 16(60), 75-105 (In Persian).
- Moradi, M.A. (2011). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Capital on Production and Growth of Iran Industrial Sector. Economic and Modeling, 2(5), 211-247 (In Persian).
- Mohammadi, M., & Rostami, N. (2020). The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Entrepreneurship: Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(30), 34-61 (In Persian).
- Nazari, M.R., & Barzgardvin, M. (2014). Investigating the Effect of Inflation on Growth in Iran Economy. Business Research Journal, 19(73), 145-169 (In Persian).
- Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (1997). What Can New Survey Data Tell Us About Recent Changes in Distribution and Poverty? World Bank Economics Review, 11(2), 357-382.
- Rostami, A. (2012). The Most Important Measures Taken to Fight Poverty and Hunger. Studies of the Deputy of Social Welfare (In Persian).
- Rabiee, M., Haghshenas, F., & Razaghi, F. (2016). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Inflation Rate in Iran with Emphasis on Borrowing from the Central Bank. Comprehensive Conference on Management and Accounting, Tehran (In Persian).
- Roshani, V. (2017). The Impact of Micro Credits on the Production and Livelihood Status of Micro Operators in Rural Areas of Kermanshah Province will be. M.A Dissertation. The Hamedan Institute of Higher Education and Development (In Persian).
- Razavi, M. (2004), Principles of Systems Design: An Assault on Complexity, Shahid Beheshti University Press, Tehran (In Persian).
- Santos, M.E. (2013). Tracking Poverty Reduction in Bhutan: Income Deprivation Alongside Deprivation in other Sources of Happiness. Social Indicators Research, 112(2), 259-290.
- Saari, Y., Affan, A.R., Azman, H., & Muzafar Shah, H. (2016). Estimating the Impact of Minimum Wages on Poverty Across Ethnic Groups in Malaysia. Economic Modelling, 54, 490-502.
- Shahabadi, A., Mehdipour, F., & Moradi, A. (2020). The Effect of Insurance Penetration on Entrepreneurship in Selected Countries. Insurance Research Journal, 35(3), 37-65 (In Persian).
- Toolabinejad, M., & Sadeghi, Kh. (2018). Investigating the Role of Microcredit in Job Creation in Rural Areas of Rashtkhar City. The Second National Conference on the Perspective of Sustainable Rural Development in Iran, Tehran (In Persian).
- Yeganlo, A. (2013). Factors Affecting Poverty from a Behavioral Economics Perspective. M.A Dissertation. University of Tehran (In Persian).
- Zeinal, M. (2016). Impact of Economics Growth and Income Inequality on Poverty in Iran: Poverty Elasticity Approach. M.A Dissertation. Alzahra University (In Persian).
- Zandi, F., & Rezaei, M. (2015). Investigating how Unemployment Affects the Increase of Social Harms. International Conference on Humanities, Psychology and Social Sciences, Tehran (In Persian).