تأثیر تبعیض جنسیتی دستمزد بر فقر در استان‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

10.48308/jem.2024.235774.1917

چکیده

شواهد تجربی و نظری متعددی بر این امر تأکید دارد که فقر یکی از موانع اصلی توسعه است. از این‌رو، ریشه‌کنی فقر به‌عنوان بزرگترین چالش پیش روی جامعه بین‌الملل در تلاش برای ایجاد جهانی صلح‌آمیز، مرفه و عادلانه شناسایی شده و اولین اولویت اهداف توسعه پایدار سازمان ملل"پایان دادن به فقر در همه اشکال آن" است. در واقع، اگر مشارکت آگاهانه و معنادار در توسعه نه یک امتیاز بلکه یک حق تلقی شود، یکی از مهم‌ترین موانع این حق، فقر است. از آنجایی‌که اولین گام در مقابله مؤثر با یک مشکل شناخت عوامل تعیین‌کننده آن است، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فقر با تأکید بر تبعیض جنسیتی دستمزد در استان‌های ایران اختصاص دارد. دوره زمانی مورد بررسی سال‌های 1385 تا 1400 با فواصل پنج‌ساله است. در این پژوهش، پس از تعیین شاخص‌های فقر فوستر، گریر و توربک، برای محاسبه تبعیض جنسیتی دستمزد روش تجزیه نئومارک استفاده شده است. متغیرهای ضریب نفوذ تلفن همراه، سهم هزینه‌های عمرانی دولت، نسبت وابستگی و تورم به‌عنوان متغیرهای کنترل در الگو وارد می‌شود و با استفاده از الگوی داده‌های تابلویی عوامل مؤثر بر شاخص‌های فقر مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اثر تبعیض جنسیتی دستمزد، نسبت وابستگی و تورم بر فقر مثبت و معنادار و اثر ضریب نفوذ تلفن همراه و سهم هزینه‌های عمرانی دولت بر فقر منفی و معنادار است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که اقداماتی که تبعیض جنسیتی دستمزد در بازار کار را کاهش می‌دهد می‌تواند در کاهش فقر نیز مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Gender Wage Discrimination on Poverty in Iran's Provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Shakeri HosseinAbad 1
  • zahra Nasrollahi 2
1 PhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Numerous empirical and theoretical evidence emphasizes that poverty is one of the main obstacles to development. Therefore, the eradication of poverty is the challenge which is facing the international community in the effort to create a peaceful and just world, and the first priority of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is "ending poverty in all its forms". In fact, if conscious participation in development is considered not a privilege but a right, one of the most important obstacles to this right is poverty. The first step in effectively dealing with a problem is to know its determining factors. The present research is devoted to the investigation of factors affecting poverty with an emphasis on gender wage discrimination in Iran's provinces during the 2006-2021 with five-year intervals. After determining the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty indices, the Neumark decomposition method is used to calculate gender wage discrimination. The variables of mobile phone penetration rate, the share of government construction expenditure, dependency ratio and inflation rate are entered as control variables in the model, and effective factors on poverty indicators are investigated using the panel data model. The results show that the effect of wage gender discrimination, dependency ratio and inflation rate on poverty is positive and significant, and the effect of mobile phone penetration and the share of government construction expenditures on poverty is negative and significant. The results indicate that measures that reduce gender wage discrimination can also be effective in reducing poverty.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gender Wage Discrimination
  • Iran's Provinces
  • Neumark Decomposition
  • Poverty

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