بررسی نوع ساختار بازار محصول روغن نباتی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد برنامه‌ریزی سیستم‌های اقتصادی گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.48308/jem.2024.235975.1921

چکیده

روغن نباتی محصولی استراتژیک، عمدتاً واردات محور و تأثیر‌پذیر از بحران‌های بین‌المللی است. شناسایی ساختار بازار این محصول می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاری‌های بهتری در این صنعت بیانجامد و راهنمای تولیدکنندگان و مصرف‌کنندگان باشد. در این پژوهش ساختار بازار صنعت با استفاده از شاخص‌های تمرکز ناپارامتریک، برآورد تابع هزینۀ ترانسلوگ و شاخص لرنر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که طی سال‌های 1394 تا 1401، شاخص هرفیندال-هیرشمن در این صنعت به طور میانگین حدود 11/0 است و از بین مجموعاً 59 بنگاه فعال در این صنعت حدود %54 سهم بازار در اختیار چهار بنگاه بزرگتر قرار دارد. شاخص لرنر برای سه بنگاه این صنعت که در بورس فعال اند به طور متوسط از دو روش حاشیۀ قیمت-هزینه و برآورد تابع هزینه کمتر از 2/0 ارزیابی می‌شود که نشانگر قدرت پایین قیمت‌گذاری آنهاست. با توجه به یافته‌ها ساختار بازار این صنعت به صورت رقابت انحصاری ارزیابی می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد شاید نیازی به امر قیمت‌گذاری دولت حداقل بر محصول نهایی نباشد؛ بلکه عمدۀ چالش‌های موجود در این صنعت از باب تأمین مهم‌ترین نهادۀ تولید، یعنی روغن خام گیاهی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Market Structure of Vegetable Oil Products in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Tahami Pour Zarandi 1
  • Kimia Maleki 2
  • Aliakbar Arabmazar 3
1 Assistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 MA in Economic System Planning, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Vegetable oil is a strategic product that relies heavily on imports and is significantly affected by international crises. Understanding its market structure can help improve market policies and provide better guidance for both producers and consumers. In this research, the market structure was analyzed using non-parametric concentration criteria, translog cost function estimation, and the Lerner index. During the period from 2015 to 2022, the results show that the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) averaged 0.11, indicating a moderately competitive market. Out of a total of 59 firms in the industry, 54% of the market share is controlled by the four largest companies. The Lerner index for the three active firms listed on the Securities Exchange, estimated through two methods, price-cost margin and cost function estimation, was found to be approximately below 0.2. This suggests that these firms have limited pricing power. The findings indicate that the market structure aligns with monopolistic competition. It seems that government intervention in pricing the final product may not be necessary. Instead, the primary challenge remains ensuring the stable supply of crude vegetable oil inputs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Market Structure
  • Herfindahl Hirschman Index
  • Lerner Index
  • Price-cost margin
  • Cost Function

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