بررسی آثار سیاست‌های دولت بر کارآفرینی: شواهدی از کشورهای منتخب در حال توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی گروه علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشکده علوم انسانی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشکده علوم انسانی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشکده علوم انسانی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، ایران

چکیده

در تحلیل‌های اقتصادی واقعیت پذیرفته شده آن است که چارچوب سیاستی برای کسب و کارهای جدید و کارآفرینانه متمایز از کسب و کارهای سنتی است، به طوری که علاوه بر سیاست‌های مرسوم دولت، نیازمند سیاست‌های مستقیم دولت در حوزه محیط کارآفرینی است. از این رو هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی نقش سیاست‌های مختلف دولت (بین المللی، بودجه‌ای و محیط کسب و کار) بر توسعه کارآفرینی در کشورهای منتخب در حال توسعه بر اساس طبقه‌بندی بانک جهانی شامل ایران در دوره زمانی 1401-1387 با استفاده از روش داده‌های تابلویی است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که سیاست‌های مرسوم دولت در حوزه بین‌الملل (تجارت خارجی و سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی) و نیز در حوزه مخارج عمومی تأثیر معناداری بر کارآفرینی ندارد. با این حال سیاست مالی دولت در ارتباط با مخارج آموزش و مالیات دارای تأثیر معنادار بر کارآفرینی بوده است. مهم‌تر از همه، سیاست‌های محیط کسب و کار و قوانین مربوط به آن نظیر کاهش هزینه‌های ایجاد کسب و کار، بهبود کارایی بازار کار و ارتقای حقوق مالکیت عامل موثر در توسعه کارآفرینی در کشورهای در حال توسعه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Effects of Government Policies on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Selected Developing Countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Rezaee 1
  • Bagher Adabi Firouzjaee 2
  • Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh 3
1 MA in Entrepreneurship Management, Faculty of Humanities and Physical Education, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Physical Education, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
3 Associated Professor in Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Physical Education, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
چکیده [English]

In economic analyses, the confirmed fact is that the policy framework of new and entrepreneurial businesses is different from traditional ones. So, these types of activities require business environment support in addition to conventional public policies. Therefore, using the theoretical model of Acs and Szerb (2007), the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various government policies (international, fiscal and business environment) on the development of entrepreneurship in selected developing countries based on the World Bank classification, including Iran, in the period 2008-2022, using the panel data method. The research findings for the selected sample indicate that conventional government policies in the international field (foreign trade and foreign direct investment) and in the area of public spending do not have a significant effect on entrepreneurship. However, government expenditures on education and tax policy have a significant effect on entrepreneurship. Most importantly, business environment policies and laws, such as reduction of costs of starting a business, improving labor market efficiency, and promoting property rights, are effective factors in the development of entrepreneurship in developing countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship
  • Government Policy
  • Panel Data
  • Developing Countries

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