تأثیر توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمد در ایران: بازبینی نقش سرمایه انسانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد پردیس بین الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

با فرض همگنی سرمایه انسانی، موسسات مالی در تخصیص اعتبارات، تنها شاخص‌های سرمایه فیزیکی، توانمندی مالی و سوابق اعتباری متقاضیان را ملاک تصمیم‌گیری خود قرار می‌دهند که پیامد آن، نتایج پراکنده و متناقض مطالعات است. در ادبیات نظری جدید ضمن تاکید بر ناهمگنی سرمایه انسانی، عنوان می‌شود که بین توسعه سرمایه انسانی و انباشت سرمایه فیزیکی رابطه مکملی وجود داشته و عدم توجه به اثر توأمان آن‌ها در فرآیند تاثیرگذاری توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمد، نتایج گمراه کننده‌ای را به همراه دارد که در مطالعات داخلی نیز این موضوع مورد توجه واقع نشده است. در این مقاله ارتباط بین توسعه مالی و نابرابری درآمد در ایران تحت فرض ناهمگنی سرمایه انسانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر توامان ترکیب سرمایه انسانی و انباشت سرمایه فیزیکی بر نابرابری درآمد، آزمون می‌گردد. الگوسازی داده‌ها و اطلاعات آماری در این تحقیق بر پایه الگوی رگرسیون آستانه‌ای است که در مقایسه با سایر روش‌های تخمین، برآوردهای سازگار تری ارائه می‌نماید. نتایج با استفاده از داده‌های سری زمانی مربوط به سال‌های 1393-1348 نشان می‌دهد که سرمایه انسانی جدا از اثر مستقلی که بر نابرابری درآمد دارد، در ترکیب با سرمایه فیزیکی، به صورت توامان نابرابری درآمد را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Financial Development on Income Inequality in Iran: A Review of the Role of Human Capital

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Noferesti 1
  • Mohammad Javad Razmi 2
  • Mohammad Taher Ahmadi 2
  • Mohammad Noferesti 3
1 Departement of Economics, PhD student in Economics, International Campus, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

With homogeneity of human capital, financial institutions in the process of credit allocation, only need to use indices of physical capital, financial strength and credit backgrounds of applicants as the basis for their decision which its consequence is conflicting results in the researches. The new literature, emphasizes the heterogeneity of human capital and explain the existence of a complementary relationship between human and physical capital accumulation and suggests that lack of attention to these aspects, will lead to misleading results. In this paper, we have been studied this relationship in Iran under the premise the heterogeneity of human capital and it has been tested the effect of the combination of human capital and physical capital accumulation on income inequality using threshold regression model. The results over the period 1969-2014 show that, human capital apart from direct effect on income inequality, in combination with physical capital, has a simultaneously separate effect on income inequality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Income Distribution- Income Inequality- Financial Development- Human capital- Threshold Regression

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