بررسی آثار سرمایه‌گذاری بخش حمل‌ونقل بر ایجاد اشتغال از ساز و کار اثر القایی بر تولید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشجوی دکتری عمران راه و ترابری، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز تهران شمال

3 استادیار گروه عمران راه و ترابری، دانشگاه پیام تور مرکز تهران شمال

چکیده

در مطالعه حاضر، اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم هر واحد سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش حمل‌ونقل بر ایجاد ارزش‌افزوده و اشتغال در اقتصاد بررسی گردید. بدین منظور، پس از تخمین روابط با روش رگرسیون خودبازگشتی با وقفه‌های توزیعی در دوره 1393-1338، روابط پویای کوتاه‌مدت، بلندمدت و تصحیح خطا برازش شد و یک الگوی اقتصادسنجی کوچک­مقیاس طراحی گردید. مطابق برآورد روابط بلندمدت، کشش تولیدی بخش حمل‌ونقل نسبت به سرمایه در تخمین نقطه‌ای، بیش از دو برابر بخش‌های اقتصادی غیرحمل‌ونقلی است. با توجه به نتایج و این یافته که هر یک درصد افزایش در میزان خلق ارزش‌افزوده کل منجر به 3/0 درصد رشد تعداد مشاغل کشور می‌شود، اثر سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش حمل‌ونقل بر ایجاد ارزش‌افزوده کل و ایجاد اشتغال در کشور بررسی شد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی سناریوی تکانه در سرمایه‌گذاری بخش حمل‌ونقل، نشان داد که هر یک درصد افزایش این متغیر به‌طور متوسط باعث رشد 235/0 درصدی خلق ارزش‌افزوده اقتصادی و رشد 071/0 درصدی تعداد شاغلان در دوره شبیه‌سازی گردیده که با توجه به سهم کمتر از 10 درصدی حمل‌ونقل از ارزش‌افزوده کل، اثر قابل‌توجهی است. بنابراین با توجه به اثرات القایی قابل‌توجه بخش حمل‌ونقل در اقتصاد کشور، این بخش از قابلیت نسبی برای توسعه اشتغال مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از کانال تقویت تولید برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Impact of Transportation Investment on Job Creation through Induced Economic Production

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasam Moshrefi 1
  • Mehrdad Najafi 2
  • Mahmood Reza Keymanesh 3
1 Assistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
2 Ph.D Candidate in Transportation Engineering, Payam Noor University, North Tehran Branch
3 Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Payam Noor University, North Tehran Branch
چکیده [English]

In this study, the direct and indirect effects of transportation sector investment on the creation of value-added and jobs in the economy were studied. For this purpose, after estimating the relationships using ARDL method for the period of 1959-2014, the short-run, long-run, and error correction models estimated. In long-run estimation, the production elasticity of transportation sector relative to the capital is more than twice as large as non-transport sectors. According to these results, and the finding that 1 percent increase in the total value-added leads to 0.3 percent growth in the job creation in the economy, the effect of transport sector investment on the creation of total value-added and jobs reviewed. The results of the shock scenario simulation in the transport sector investment showed that one percentage increase in this variable generated an average of 0.235% growth in the economic value-added and a 0.07% increase in the number of created jobs during the simulated period. According to the nearly 10% share of transportation on the total value-added, this shows a significant effect. Therefore, given the significant effects of transportation in the economy, this sector has the relative ability to develop direct and indirect employment from the channel of production boost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Job Creation
  • ARDL
  • Economic Growth
  • Transportation Investment
  • Econometric Model

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